1. Mfundo zoyambira ndi malingaliro otsogola pamapangidwe:
(1) Kukhazikitsa malingaliro otsogolera a "okonda anthu";
(2) Kukhazikitsa ndondomeko ya chitetezo cha "chitetezo choyamba, kupewa choyamba";
(3) Sankhani zida zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zochepa, zogwira mtima kwambiri, chitetezo ndi kudalirika, ndi ntchito yosavuta ndi kukonza;
(4) Sankhani njira zoyenera zamigodi ndi mapulani a chitukuko ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka anthu.
2. Zomwe zili m'mapangidwewo zimaphatikizapo machitidwe opangira ndi machitidwe othandizira, omwe amagawidwa makamaka m'magawo atatu awa:
(1) Migodi:
Kutsimikiza kwa malire a migodi otseguka;
Kutsimikiza kwa njira zachitukuko ndi njira zamigodi;
Kusankha njira yopangira;
Kutsimikizira ndi kusankha mphamvu ya zida zopangira (kupatula kukonza ore ndi zida zoyendera zakunja ndi zida).
(2) Dongosolo lothandizira:
Migodi dera ambiri dongosolo zoyendera;
migodi magetsi, kukonza makina, madzi ndi ngalande, kutentha;
Kumanga madipatimenti a migodi ndi kupanga ndi malo okhala;
Chitetezo ndi ukhondo wa mafakitale;
Chitetezo cha chilengedwe m'madera a migodi.
(3) Chiyerekezo cha ndalama ndi phindu lachuma la bizinesiyo.
Malingana ndi zomwe zilipo komanso momwe migodi ilili panopa, atatha kukambirana ndi mwiniwakeyo, mapangidwewa amangopereka mapangidwe athunthu a ntchito ya migodi.Zida zothandizira (monga kukonza makina, kukonza magalimoto, kukonza magetsi, madzi, magetsi, mayendedwe akunja ndi kulankhulana pa malo a migodi) ndi zothandizira zothandizira zimangoganiziridwa poyamba.Mwiniwake amapanga zosintha zoyenera zaukadaulo kutengera zida zoyambira poyerekeza ndi kapangidwe kake kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zopanga.Kapangidwe kameneka kakungophatikizanso bajeti yoyerekezeredwa mu ndalama zonse zowunikira ndalama ndi kusanthula zachuma.
3. Njira zodzitetezera pamapangidwe:
Njira zothandizira mbuzi
Kwa migodi ya miyala ya laimu, dzenje likatsekedwa, kubzala mitengo kapena kulimanso kumatha kuchitidwa mutakutira ndi dothi.
Njira zowonetsetsa kukhazikika kotsetsereka kwa migodi yotseguka komanso kupewa kugwa kwa malo otsetsereka
(1) Kuchita migodi molingana ndi magawo apangidwe oyenera ndikukhazikitsa nsanja zachitetezo munthawi yake.
(2) Pophulitsa pafupi ndi malire omaliza, kuphulika koyendetsedwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga umphumphu wa rock mass ndi kukhazikika kwa malire a malire.
(3) Yang'anani nthawi zonse kukhazikika kwa malo otsetsereka ndi malire, ndikuyeretsani miyala yoyandama nthawi yomweyo.Oyeretsa ayenera kuvala zipewa, kumanga malamba kapena zingwe.
(4) Kumanga ngalande zotsekera pamalo abwino kunja kwa migodi ndi ngalande zosakhalitsa mkati mwa migodi kuti muchotse nthawi yake madzi ochuluka mdera la migodi, pofuna kupewa kugwa kotsetsereka chifukwa cha kumizidwa m'madzi.
(5) Pamalo otsetsereka a miyala, monga malo otsetsereka, malo otsetsereka, malo otsetsereka, ndi malo otsetsereka ofooka, njira zolimbikitsira monga kupopera mankhwala a nangula, miyala yamatope, ndi shotcrete zimatengera.
Kupewa kuopsa kwa magetsi ndi njira zotetezera mphezi
Pali zida zamagetsi zocheperako komanso zokhazikika m'migodi.Pofuna kupewa ngozi yamagetsi, njira ziyenera kuchitidwa motere:
(1) Ikani zida zotetezera chitetezo, mipanda yazitsulo pamawindo, ndi zizindikiro zochenjeza m'chipinda cha jenereta;
(2) Onjezani kuwala kwadzidzidzi kwa migodi ndi chozimitsira moto cha 1211 m'chipinda cha jenereta;
(3) Tsegulani chitseko cha chipinda cha jenereta panja kuti muzitha kuthawa;
(4) Bwezerani mizere ina ndi kutsekereza kukalamba, konzani mizere yosakhala yanthawi zonse, ndi kukonza zingwe zamagetsi mchipinda cha jenereta kuti muwonetsetse kuti mwadongosolo;Mizere yodutsa mu chipinda choyezera iyenera kupatulidwa ndipo sichingagwirizane, ndikutetezedwa ndi manja otetezera;
(5) Kukonza nthawi yake ndikusintha zida zamagetsi zomwe zili ndi vuto pagawo logawa;
(6) Khalani ndi zida zomwe zimakhala ndi ngozi zamakina ndi zida zotsekera mwadzidzidzi.Poyeretsa ndi kupukuta zipangizo, ndizoletsedwa kuti muzitsuka ndi madzi kapena kupukuta zipangizo zamagetsi ndi nsalu yonyowa kuti muteteze maulendo afupikitsa ndi kugwedezeka kwa magetsi;
(7) Njira zachitetezo pakukonza magetsi:
Khazikitsani dongosolo la matikiti ogwirira ntchito, dongosolo la chilolezo chantchito, kuyang'anira ntchito, kusokoneza ntchito, kusamutsa, ndi kuyimitsa makina okonza zida zamagetsi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi otsika kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi ogwira ntchito odzipereka, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zokhala ndi zotsekera, kuyimirira pazida zowuma zowuma, kuvala magolovesi ndi zipewa zodzitetezera, komanso kuvala zovala za manja aatali.Ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zida monga mafayilo, olamulira zitsulo, ndi maburashi kapena fumbi ndi zinthu zachitsulo.Kuti mugwire ntchito pamabokosi ogawa ma voltage otsika ndi ma mains amagetsi, matikiti antchito ayenera kudzazidwa.Pogwira ntchito pamagetsi otsika kwambiri komanso mabwalo ounikira, kulumikizana kwapakamwa kungagwiritsidwe ntchito.Ntchito yomwe ili pamwambayi idzachitidwa ndi anthu osachepera awiri.
Njira zachitetezo pakuzimitsidwa kwamagetsi otsika-voltage:
(1) Chotsani mphamvu yamagetsi pazinthu zonse zokonzera, chotsani fuse (fuse), ndikupachika chizindikiro pa chogwirira ntchito chosinthira kuti "Palibe Kusintha, Winawake Akugwira Ntchito!".
(2) Asanayambe kugwira ntchito, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana magetsi.
(3) Chitani njira zina zotetezera ngati pakufunika.
Mukasintha fuyusi pambuyo pa kuzima kwa magetsi, magolovesi ndi magalasi ayenera kuvala poyambiranso ntchito.
Zofunikira pa mtunda wotetezeka: Mtunda wocheperako pakati pa mizere yotsika yamagetsi yotsika ndi nyumba.
Malo otetezera chingwe champhamvu chapamwamba ndi malo opangidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mtunda wopendekeka wowerengeka wa m'mphepete mwa waya pambuyo pa kupatuka kwa mphepo ndi mtunda wotetezeka wopingasa kuchokera ku nyumbayo pambuyo pa kupatuka kwa mphepo, mkati mwa mizere iwiri yofanana.1-10kv ndi 1.5m.M'lifupi mwa malo otetezedwa ndi chingwe champhamvu chapansi panthaka ndi malo omwe ali mkati mwa mizere iwiri yofanana yopangidwa ndi 0.75m mbali zonse za pansi pa mzere wa chingwe chapansi pa nthaka.Mzere wamagetsi othamanga kwambiri uyenera kukhala wapamwamba kuposa gawo lapamwamba la zida zamakina zosiyanasiyana ndi kupitilira 2m, ndipo chingwe chotsitsa chamagetsi otsika chiyenera kukhala chapamwamba kuposa gawo lapamwamba la zida zamakina osiyanasiyana kuposa 0.5m.Mtunda woyima pakati pa oyendetsa pamwamba ndi nyumba: pansi pa kuwerengeka kwakukulu, kwa mizere ya 3-10kV, sikuyenera kukhala osachepera 3.0m;Ndipo kukwaniritsa zofunikira za "Safety Regulations for Metal and Non metallic Mines" (GB16423-2006).
Mtunda wocheperako kuchokera ku waya kupita pansi kapena pamwamba pa madzi (m)
Mtunda wocheperako kuchokera ku waya wa m'mphepete kupita ku nyumba
Malo oteteza mphezi adzapangidwa motsatira zomwe zili mu "Code for Design of Lightning Protection of Buildings".
Nyumba ndi nyumba zamigodi ziyenera kuonedwa ngati chitetezo cha mphezi cha Gulu lachitatu.Nyumba zonse zokhala ndi kutalika kwa 15m ndi kupitilira apo zizikhala ndi ukonde woteteza mphezi ndi lamba, ndipo zina zidzapatsidwa ndodo yamphezi kuti zitetezeke.
Zipinda za ma jenereta a migodi, mizere ya pamwamba, zosungiramo zinthu, ndi matanki osungira mafuta ndizinthu zazikulu zotetezera mphezi, ndipo malo otetezera mphezi ayenera kuikidwa.
Njira zodzitetezera ku zoopsa zamakina
Kuvulala kwamakina makamaka kumatanthawuza kuvulala komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kukhudzana mwachindunji pakati pazigawo zosuntha (zosasunthika), zida, ndi zida zamakina ndi thupi la munthu, monga kukanikiza, kugundana, kumeta ubweya, kupindika, kupindika, kugaya, kudula, kubaya, ndi zina. Ziwalo zopatsirana zowonekera (monga mawilo owuluka, lamba wopatsira, ndi zina zotero) ndi magawo oyenda mobwerezabwereza a makina ozungulira monga ma compressor a mpweya, kubowola miyala, zonyamula katundu, ndi zina zambiri mumgodi uno zitha kuwononga thupi la munthu.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuvulala kwamakina ndi chimodzi mwazovulala zomwe zimafala kwambiri popanga migodi, ndipo zida zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwamakina zimaphatikizira kubowola, mpweya woponderezedwa, ndi zida zotumizira.Njira zazikulu zodzitetezera ndizo:
(1) Ogwiritsa ntchito zida zamakina ayenera kuphunzira kapangidwe ka zida, mfundo zogwirira ntchito, njira zogwirira ntchito, ndi chidziwitso china, ndikumvetsetsa njira zopewera ngozi zosiyanasiyana pakugwiritsa ntchito zida.Ogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera ayenera kuchita mayesowo ndikugwira ntchito ndi ziphaso.Osagwiritsa ntchito amaletsedwa kuyambitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zidazo kuti apewe ngozi monga kuvulala kapena kuwonongeka.
(2) Zipangizo zamakina ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa molingana ndi buku la zida ndi malamulo ofunikira, ndipo zotchingira zotchingira zida zogwirira ntchito ziyenera kukhala zathunthu komanso zokhazikika.
(3) Anthu ayenera kupewa kusuntha kwa zida zoyenda (monga magalimoto, zonyamula katundu, ndi zina zotero) ndikukhazikitsa zida zodzitetezera kuti zigawo zosuntha zisagwe.
(4) Njira zowongolera kuvulala kwamakina zimaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa zotchinga zotchinga, zotchingira zoteteza, maukonde oteteza kapena zida zina zotetezera makina osiyanasiyana ozungulira, kuti alekanitse ziwalo zowopsa za thupi la munthu ndi zida.Zipangizo zodzitetezera pamakina ziyenera kutsatira "Zofunikira Zachitetezo Pazivundikiro Zodzitchinjiriza za Zida Zamagetsi" (GB8196-87);Mikhalidwe Yaumisiri Yachitetezo Pamiyendo Yotetezedwa Yamafakitale (GB4053.3-93).
Njira zoletsa madzi ndi ngalande
Mgodiwu ndi mgodi wa dzenje lotseguka m’mbali mwa phiri, wokhala ndi mtunda wochepera 1210m kuposa momwe nthaka ikukokoloka.Madzi apansi panthaka sakhudza kwambiri migodi, ndipo kudzaza kwamadzi pamalo opangira migodi kumachitika makamaka ndi mvula ya mumlengalenga.Choncho, cholinga cha ngalande za m'migodi ndi kuteteza ntchito yoteteza mvula yam'mlengalenga ndi kuteteza mvula yomwe imasefukira pamtunda.
Miyezo yayikulu yopanda madzi ndi ngalande ya mgodi imaphatikizapo: kukhazikitsa ngalande zotsekera ndi ngalande kunja kwa migodi, ndikuyika malo otsetsereka a 3-5 ‰ pa nsanja yogwirira ntchito kuti athetse ngalande;Ikani ngalande zazitali zotengera ngalande ndi ngalande zopingasa kuti madzi ngalande m'misewu.
Zopanda fumbi
Fumbi ndi chimodzi mwazowopsa kwambiri pantchito yopanga migodi.Pofuna kuwongolera bwino kuthawa kwa fumbi ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa fumbi kwa ogwira ntchito pantchito, pulojekitiyi imagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zopewera kaye, ndikuyesa kuchepetsa kutulutsa fumbi poyenda:
(1) Chibowo chobowola chizikhala ndi chobowolera pansi pa dzenje ndi chipangizo chogwirira fumbi, ndipo njira zopewera fumbi monga mpweya wabwino ndi kupopera madzi zidzalimbikitsidwa pakubowola;
(2) Kuthirira pafupipafupi kuyenera kuchitika m'misewu yayikulu kuti muchepetse mpweya wa fumbi panthawi yoyendetsa galimoto;
(3) Pambuyo pophulika, ogwira ntchito saloledwa kulowa pamalo ophulika nthawi yomweyo.Pokhapokha fumbi litatha mwachibadwa angalowemo kuti achepetse mphamvu ya fumbi;
(4) Nthawi zonse muzichita kuyezetsa kwa fumbi m'malo ogwirira ntchito kuti mutsimikizire kuti fumbi mumlengalenga likukwaniritsa zofunikira za Occupational Exposure Limits for Hazardous Factors in Workplace;
(5) Kupereka zida zodzitetezera kwa ogwira ntchito mumigodi ndikuyang'anira thanzi la ogwira ntchito nthawi zonse.
Njira zowongolera phokoso
Kuti athetse kuwonongeka kwa phokoso, zipangizo zochepetsera phokoso ziyenera kusankhidwa momwe zingathere popanga;Ikani zoziziritsa kukhosi pazida zapamwamba za pneumatic monga ma compressor a mpweya ndi zida zobowolera;M'malo aphokoso kwambiri, ogwira ntchito amafunikira zida zodzitetezera monga zotsekera m'makutu kuti achepetse kukhudzidwa kwa ogwira ntchito.
Kuwombera chitetezo njira
(1) Pochita ntchito zophulitsa, ndikofunikira kutsatira mosamalitsa "Malamulo Oteteza Kuphulika".Kutengera kuphulika kwa njira, sikelo, ndi mawonekedwe a mtunda, malinga ndi malamulo achitetezo akuphulika, malire a malo owopsa akuyenera kufotokozedwa molingana ndi zofunikira za mtunda wotetezedwa kuphulika kwa chivomezi, kuphulika kwa mtunda wotetezedwa kuphulika, ndi zinthu zowuluka. mtunda wotetezeka.Zizindikiro zochenjeza zachitetezo ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa, ndipo ntchito yochenjeza iyenera kuchitika kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito ndi katundu.
(2) Kuphulika kulikonse kuyenera kukhala ndi mapangidwe ovomerezeka ophulika.Pambuyo pophulitsa, ogwira ntchito zachitetezo ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa chitetezo cha nkhope yogwirira ntchito ndikutsimikizira chitetezo cha malo ophulitsirapo asanayambitsenso ntchito.
(3) Ogwira ntchito yophulitsa bomba ayenera kukhala ataphunzitsidwa zaukadaulo wophulitsa, kukhala odziwa bwino ntchito, njira zogwirira ntchito, ndi malamulo achitetezo a zida zophulitsira, komanso kukhala ndi satifiketi yogwira ntchito.
(4) Kuphulika sikuloledwa madzulo, chifunga chachikulu, ndi mabingu.
(5) Kuphulika kwapafupi ndi malire omaliza kumayendetsedwa kuti asunge kukhulupirika kwa thanthwe ndi kukhazikika kwa malire a malire.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-14-2023